15 Less-Known CSS Tools You Would Love To Apply

  
Are you interested in useful and creative CSS tools? Then, we have an excellent list for you, provided by several developers. The following lists consists of 15 most useful CSS tools, generators, templates and resources. This list has some very uncommon tools which would suit you the best, rather than the common ones like Firebug or Web Developer.

#1.Hyphenator : 

If you are looking to bring client-side hyphenation of HTML documents to every browser then take help from Hyphenator.js. It simply inserts soft hyphens using hyphenation patterns and Frank M. Liang’s hyphenation algorithm commonly known from LaTeX and OpenOffice. It provides hyphenation in all browsers which support JavaScript and the soft hyphen for at least English, German and French.

#2. CSS Type Set : 

This tool is used for hands-on typography allowing designers and developers to interactively test and learn how to style their Web content. \



#3. Typechart : 

This tool lets you flip through, preview and compare Web typography while retrieving the CSS.

#4. CSS-Typoset Matrix and code generator : 

This is a matrix table which presents font sizes and (symmetrical and asymmetrical) margins for various base font sizes. It also generates the source code on the fly.

#5. Em Calculator : 

This is a small JavaScript tool which allows you to make scalable and accessible CSS design. It also converts sizes in pixels to relative em units, based on a given text size.

#6. Facelift Image Replacement (FLIR) : 

FLIR is an image replacement script which dynamically generates image representations of text on your Web page in fonts that might not be visible to your visitors. How To Use Any Font With FLIR: Tutorial

#7. Vertical rhythm calculator: 

This tool helps in converting pixel values to em values depending on the font size of the text. Margins and paddings can also be set automatically, depending on the line height you’ve defined.



#8. typeface.js : 

You can also typeface.js instead of just creating images or using Flash to show your website’s graphic text in your desired font. With this tool you can write in plain HTML and CSS.

#9. PSD2CSS Online : 

It is a free online service which generates Web pages from Photoshop designs.

#10. Conditional CSS : 

Using this tool you can write maintainable CSS with conditional logic and target specific CSS statements for both individual browsers and groups of browsers.



#11. MoreCSS : 

This is a JavaScript library which is design orineted and it allows you to write code for applying automatic hyphenation. It creates pop-ups, tool tips, tab menus, zebra tables, advanced list styling and cross-browser opacity style. But what makes it most special is that you can do these things along with your regular CSS.

#12. px to em : 

Developers call this tool as “px to em conversion made simple”. You can type a base font size in pixels, and a complete pixel to em conversion table will be produced, making elastic Web design much easier.

#13. CSS Frame Generator : 

Corresponding CSS is returned in a line-by-line way through this tool and it's indented with spaces to reflect XHTML structure. You may find it a bit strange at the beginning, but when you get accustomed to it you will find it very useful.

#14. CSS Redundancy Checker: 

This tool can be used to find CSS selectors which aren’t used by any of your HTML files and that may be redundant.

#15. CleverCSS: 

This is a small markup language used for CSS and it can be used to build a style sheet in a clean and structured way. It's much cleaner and more powerful than CSS2.

Try to develop these tools further and also try to develop new ones till we see you again with some new CSS tools. 

Top 25 IoT Open Source Tool

The age of IoT is around the corner. Everyone is adopting IoT and talking about it for a long time now. IoT (Internet of Things) is growing rapid and widely. It is being used by smart devices to collect data that is transmitted using the internet to other device. It’s the communication and interconnection between machines. 

The open source community has contributed a lot in development of IoT. The data gathered by computers in IoT is used to track and count everything. IoT has greatly helped to reduce waste, loss and cost. It carries the potential to replace and redesign the world. Open source hardware community is growing with the development of IoT. This has helped the society to adopt to the new devices every other day. We have listed some of such potential projects today. Let’s take a look.

1. Arduino

Arduino is a a tool for making computers than can sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. Various circuit boards, starter kits, sale products and robots are offered as part of Arduino kit. It is a set of hardware specific electronics and software that is based on IDE and Arduino programming language.

2. Eclipse IoT Project

Eclipse IDE is known for Java programming, but the Eclipse IoT project is centered towards IoT programming language. It is a package of application firmware and services. The IoT implementation packs MQTT CoAP, OMA-DM and OMA LWM2M. Mihini, Koneki and Paho are Eclipse based projects. The official website has featured some live demo and videos.

3. Kinoma

Kinoma offers three open source projects. It comes with DIY kit to build prototypes of electronic devices. Kinoma also offers software development environment called Kimona Studio. They also have a smartphone app called Kimona connect to link those devices with IoT. The software development environment posses a function to develop Kinoma Platform Runtime.

4. Node-RED

Node-RED is known as a visual tool for wiring the Internet of Things. Developers can use browser flow editor to connect devices, APIs and services together. Over 60,000 modules of Node-RED are available, it runs on Raspberry Pi.

5. Arduino Yún

This is a Arduino board with Linux. It is similar to Raspberry Pi device. It comes with two processors coupled together, one is to power Arduino while other is to support Linux - ATmega32u4 (which supports Arduino) and the Atheros AR9331 (which runs Linux). WiFi, ethernet, MicroSD card and USB port are included in this board. It is available for purchase from Arduino website.

6. Beagle Board

BeagleBoard is probably the smallest option of IoT device out there. It’s shape and size is similar to the Credit Card. Since the power input is really low, it runs n Android and Linux. The beagleboard is available through wide network of distributors. The hardware design and concept is kept open source

7. Flutter

Flutter board posses ability to communicate within network of Flutter boards within the radius of more than a half mile. It has wireless transmitter which carries that capacity. The board is very easy to use and it comes with 256-bit AES encryption for security. The Flutter Board is available for just $20.

8. Local motors Connected Car

Local motors is a car manufacturing company that is known for open source car designs. Local Motors has been working with IBM to develop IoT connected open source vehicle. The company showed off prototype model at a conference in last year’s spring. Most of the design data and specifications are available on the website.

9. Open Picus

Open Picus offers a solution to connect devices with IoT and cloud. Both the software and hardware are open source. The company has list of development service plans. They offer a line of programmable kits and modules. The commercial closed source products are offered by the company.

10. SODAQ

SODAQ stands for Solar Powered Data Acquisition. It is Arduino based boards. These boards come with modules which look like Lego-like plug-in. Number of tutorials are listed on the website. These tutorials help the beginners to understand the use and development. The solar power powers the board and internet connection. These boards start at $39

11. UDOO

This Arduino powered board has two processors to power it. It runs on open source Linux distribution called UDOObuntu. It is 4 times more powerful than Raspberry Pi. People can showcase their work on UDOO on the website. The board starts at $99.

12. OpenHAB

This is a award winning communication gateway between smart devices in your household. OpenHAB can run on any Java powered system. It is user contributed platform. It also has a cloud service called my.openHAB. It lets people add new features to their devices.

13. Raspberian

It is a credit card size computer that can be effectively used for IoT projects. It is a popular operating system for Raspberry Pi. It is based on Linux Debian. The software is open source but the hardware of Raspberian is not. The device was developed with perspective of educational learning tool.

14. AllJoyn

It is a popular IoT operating system. It is also sponsored and promoted by The AllSeen Alliance, the members of this organization belong to Microsoft, Cisco, Qualcomm, Sharp, Symantec and many other big players. The framework and services are open source, so manufacturers can use them to create the devices. While, the cross platform API is available on website.

15. Spark

It is a popular IoT operating system based on cloud. The company also offers hardware development and related kits. Developers get Web-based IDE, command line, multi lingual support for different IoT devices. The developers community of Spark is quite active. Most of the development, documentation are available online. Spark starts at $39.

16. RIOT

RIOT is known as, the friendly operating system for the Internet of Things. It started 2013, the company has kept the interface very resource and developer friendly. It is the advance version of FeuerWhere project. RIOT is supported by MSP430, ARM7, Cortex-M0, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, and standard x86 PCs

17. Freeboard

Users can use the open source code to create their own dashboard for IoT deployments. The service is available for free to try. The low price plans are also available if developer wants to make his dashboard public. The sample dashboards available on the website can track air quality, environment conditions, distillery performance and residential appliances. The code is available on GitHUB.

18. Exciting Printer

It is open source tool to build own printer. Users can develop their own printer than prints your daily reminders, weather reports etc. User can even draw a picture the picture of their project and publish it on the IoT printer in office. It can print the information from various connected IoT devices.

19. DeviceHive

The project includes easy to use web management software that is used to create the network, security rules and monitoring devices. The sample projects are available on the website. Users can test the DeviceHub online in ‘playground’ to learn its usage. It is Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication framework.

20. Mango

It is known as “the world's most popular open source Machine-to-Machin (M2M) software.” Mango supports meta points, user defined events, database and multiple protocols. Mango is a web based cross platform tool.

21. OpenRemote

Open remote interconnects smart devices created by the user. It offers four integration tools for integrators, home based hobbyist, manufacturers and distributors. Users can use any kind of smart device using this open source tool, these devices can be controlled by any other java supporting device. Wide range of ebooks and other tools needed in design and product development are provided by the same company.

22. IoT Toolkit

This project is focused on the Smart Object API. The developers ground related with IoT toolkit is also working on variety of tools for integration of multiple IoT sensor and protocols network. The group is working a application firmware with software agents based on HTTP-to-CoAP Semantic mapping. The group is active in organizing meetups for IoT enthusiast in Silicon Valley.

23. Nimbits

Nimbits is can work with multiple programming languages such as JavaScript, HTML, Arduino and Nimbits.io Java library. It is used to store and process the data. The data has to be time or geo location stamped. Users can download the Nimbits and deploy it on J2EE server on Raspberry Pi or Amazon EC2 and even on Google App Engine.

24. SiteWhere

This tool can create a platform to manage and control IoT devices, gather and integrate the data from them. It supports and works with big data tools, MongoDB and ApacheHBase. It can be used on Amazon’s cloud server.

25. ThingSpeak

This tool is used to store and process data and HTTP requests. It comes with open API, relocated data, processing and visualization of the data and real time data collection. It also supports plugins and device status messages. ThingSpeak supports multiple software and hardware platforms such as Arduino, ioBridge/RealTime.io, Electric Imp, Raspberry Pi, mobile and web apps, MATLAB analytics and social networks. A hosted service is available in its source code. 

C++ Libraries For You

   

If you require to find out implementation of a particular functionality of C++ language, you don't need to waste your time searching on Google. Here we provide you a comprehensive list of top ten open source C++ libraries.

Generic 

* Boost - It's a large collection of generic libraries

* Dlib - This library contains information on networking, threads, graphical interfaces, data structures and more.

* JUCE - It's a mature cross-platform C++ tool kit

* Reason - It provides knowledge on xml, xpath, regex, threads, sockets, http, sql and so on.

* Folly - This Facebook Open-source Library is designed with practicality and efficiency in mind.


Communication 

* C++ RESTful framework - This is designed to be embedded into a wide range of applications.

* C++ REST SDK - This is a HTTP client and listener.

* Cpp-netlib - This is one of the best C++ Network Libraries.

* Boost.Asio - It talks about asynchronous and synchronous networking, timers, serial I/O

* POCO - It shares knowledge about networking, encryption, HTTP and Zip files

Graphic user interface 

* FLTK
* nana

* WXWidgets

GTK+ 

* glibmm
* gtkmm

* goocanvasmm

* libglademm

* libgnomecanvasmm

Qt 
* Qt

* qwtplot3d

* qwt5

* libdbusmenu-qt

General Multimedia 

* SFML (Simple and Fast Multimedia Library)

* SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer)

Graphics 

* cairomm

* nux

* pangomm

* gegl
* plotutils

Audio 

* soundtouch

* chromaprint

* libofa

* libmusicbrainz
* audiofile

Video 

* crystalhd

* mjpegtools

* libmatroska

* libVLC

* gstreamermm

3D Graphics 

* Ogre3D

* OpenGL

* GLEW

* GLFW

* assimp 

Best YouTube Downloaders To Use

    
Google most successful products' list definitely includes one name and that is YouTube, following Google Search in the ranking. It was launched in November 2005 and the unique users count of the website is more than 1 billion per month. More than 6 billion hours of video are being watched in the same period.

If you are looking to download your favourite video from YouTube then there are myriad of options available. We provide you with best five which come absolutely free. The only drawback of this downloaders is they try to install some unwanted add-ons. So here goes the top 5 YouTube downloaders for you:

1. Freemake Video Downloader 

This is a tool which can be used quite simply for downloading YouTube videos, along with their audio, in a few clicks. Pase the URL of the video you want to download and click 'Paste URL' to run the same. You can also install the Firefox add-on to start the download from the YouTube page only by right clicking on the video. If you use this program, you can also download YouTube playlists and convert videos to other formats, as per your wish.



2. Free YouTube to MP3 Converter 

With this free converter you can convert video files to audio quite easily. Just cope the URL of the video and open the program. Hit CTRL+V to set the video in the queue. Select the format first like MP3, M4A, AAC, WAV and OGG. Then hit download and your job is done.



3. aTube Catcher 

With this Catcher you'll get the usual tools to download and convert YouTube videos with audio, but its function doesn't end there. One of its features include resizing videos, which allows you to cut out parts of clips as your personal project requires and you can also lower the size before saving it to your computer, It works only if the video is copyright free. It also features Stream capture Tool which allows you to load up a video stream from YouTube or other sites to save streamed content to your hard drive directly. Meaning your wait for the downloading process also gets over.



4. Free Studio 

Free Studio offers a conversion package which is quite comprehensible and it does multi-tasking very efficiently. Load up the program and you get the option to download a YouTube video or just rip its audio in the MP3 format. Then you choose from multiple conversion options to optimise the file for a certain device. You can also burn your video to a CD or DVD and you can also edit them by giving psychedelic3D-type effect using the built-in 3D Video Maker.



5. YTD 

This is a no-frills downloading tool which features the option of converting your files before ripping. YTD is also compatible with other video sites too like DailyMotion and more. This not is powered by several features but its compact UI makes it one of the most suitable coices if you are a crazy video downloader.

 

10 Best Free Cloud Drives For You

The market is full of cloud storage options and some of them require customers to sign up for the services. If you create a new account, freecloud storage is also offered with several options. Here we are giving you the 10 best cloud storage options with which you will get 112GB free cloud storage.

But all the services are not similar. Some have their strengths and weaknesses regarding the size of the uploaded files, pricing of additional cloud storage space, integration with operating systems and mobile apps and also security measures.

1. Amazon Cloud Drive 

Free cloud storage: 5GB

Extra storage: 20GB - $10/year; 50GB - $25/year; 100GB - $50/year; 200GB - $100/year; 1TB - $500/year. Cloud Music player: 250 imported songs free; 250,000 imported songs - $24.99/year.

If you purchase or download music files from Amazon then it gets automatically stored in the cloud drive for free. This service also provides back-up to Kindle-branded tablets. The service was launched in March 2011. Click here for terms and regulations to use Amazon Cloud Drive.

2. Apple iCloud 

Free cloud storage: 5GB

Extra storage: 10GB (15GB total with 5GB free) - $20/year; 50GB - $100/year.

iCloud automatically syncs files, photos, videos and even Web browsing tabs across Apple devices. Apple boasts of a minimum 128-bit AES encryption for iCloud services.Click here for more info about this service.

3. Box 

Free cloud storage: 5GB

Extra storage: Personal account, 25GB for $9.99/month; 50GB - $19.99/month. Business account: $15/user/month - 3 to 500 users; 1TB with password-protected sharing, access management and user administration. Enterprise edition: Custom pricing, unlimited storage, offers customer branding, group access controls.

This service provides SSL AES 256-bit encryption behind the firewall. In case of business and enterprise accounts, files are stored encrypted with automatic redundancy. There are some limitations on the file size like100MB for the free accounts, 1GB for paid personal accounts and business editions have 2GB file size limit. This service also allows document editing through third-party apps, such as Zoho. Click here for more info.

4. Dropbox 

Free cloud storage: 2GB

Extra storage: "Pro" accounts range from 100GB - $9.99/month or $99/year, to 500GB for $49.99/month or $499/year. "Teams" account, 1TB for $795/year for 5 users and $125 for each additional user.

Dropbox is the most popular cloud service and it uses SSL AES 256-bit encryption for its Pro and Teams editions. There is no limit on the file size if you are uploading files from the desktop application, which works on Windows, OS X and Linux. 300MB limit is imposed when you upload something from the Dropbox website. You can also get 500MB of extra free storage if your friends register, up to 16GB. Document editing is not allowed in this service. Click for more information.

5. Google Drive 

Free cloud storage: 5GB for Google Docs and files converted to Google Docs. 1GB of free photo video storage in Picasa Web Albums, unlimited storage of photos and videos (up to 15-minute videos) in Google+.

Extra storage: 25GB - $2.49/month; 100GB - $4.99/month; 200GB - $9.99/month; 1TB - $49.99/month; 16TB - $799.99/month.

Users of Google Drive are allowed to store a lot of files in its cloud for free, if only the files are Google Docs. Files can also be converted to this format simply by copying them into a Google document. Drive has some file limits, including 2MB for converted files, or 10MB for non-Google Doc files. Google Doc files can be edited in the application, but to edit non-Google Doc files you need third-party apps.

6. MediaFire 

Free cloud storage: 50GB

Extra storage: Pro edition features 250GB for $4.50/month, and Business edition offers 1TB for $49/month.

MediaFire is a start-up which offers a large amount of cloud storage, but it only supports Windows, OS X and Linux desktop applications. No mobile apps are supported yet. For $1.50/month, users can get 50GB of storage and the personal edition has no advertisements. The free edition has 200MB file size limit, while personal has a 1GB file size limit. Pro has a 4GB file size limit and business has a 10GB individual file size limit.Know more about MediaFire here.

7. Microsoft SkyDrive 

Free cloud storage: 7GB

Extra storage: 20GB for $10/year; 50GB for $25/year; 100GB for $50/year.

Microsoft SkyDrive has a Windows 8-style interface and it offers one of the largest initial free storage accounts. It limits uploads to 300MB files via the web browser and it imposes a 2GB limit on desktop application. It also supports iOS, Android and Windows phone apps. A “forgot something” feature is an added facility on this service which allows users to retrieve files remotely on their PC without even uploading to the cloud.

8. MiMedia 

Free cloud storage: 7GB

Extra storage: 100GB for $4.99/month; 500GB for $20/month or $199/year; 1TB for $35/month or $325/year.

MiMedia offers high free storage and it works as an excellent back-up repository and cloud access tool. For large uploads the company provides special facilities and files get encrypted during the upload transmission. MiMedia doesn't support Mac OS X and it runs on iOS and Android apps.

9. SpiderOak 

Free cloud storage: 2GB

Extra storage: $10 per month or $100 per year for each additional 100GB increment.

It presents itself as the secure public could storage option and it boasts of a “zero-knowledge” policy. The program doesn't store any password and all data gets encrypted both in transmission and storage. For developers, the service has also started open sourcing some of the codes which were used to create the product. SpiderOak offers personal, business and reseller versions of cloud service. Click here to know more.

10. SugarSync 

Free cloud storage: 5GB

Extra storage: 30GB for $4.99/month or $49.99/year; 60GB for $9.99/month or $99.99/year; 500GB for $39.99/month or $399.99/year. Business account offers 100GB for three users for $29.99/month or $299.99/year.

If you recommend others to use this service then you will get up to 32GB free additional storage. It supports mobile platforms like iOS, Android, Blackberry, Symbian and WinMobile. Know more about SugarSync here. 

21 Free eBooks On Computer Mathematics Must Try !

1. Probabilistic Programming and Bayesian Methods for Hackers 
by Cameron Davidson-Pilon - GitHub, Inc., 2013
This book is designed as an introduction to Bayesian inference from a computational understanding-first, and mathematics-second, point of view. The book assumes no prior knowledge of Bayesian inference nor probabilistic programming.

2. Mathematics in the Age of the Turing Machine
by Thomas Hales - arXiv, 2013
Computers have rapidly become so pervasive in mathematics that future generations may look back to this day as a golden dawn. The article gives a survey of mathematical proofs that rely on computer calculations and formal proofs.

3. The Life of Pi: From Archimedes to Eniac and Beyond
by Jonathan M. Borwein - DocServer, 2010
The desire to understand Pi, the challenge, and originally the need, to calculate ever more accurate values of Pi, has challenged mathematicians for many many centuries, and Pi has provided compelling examples of computational mathematics.

4. Pictures of Julia and Mandelbrot Sets
- Wikibooks, 2010
The purpose of this book is to show how the computer can draw technically perfect pictures of Julia and Mandelbrot sets. All the necessary theory is explained and some words are said about how to put the things into a computer program.

5. Think Stats: Probability and Statistics for Programmers
by Allen B. Downey - Green Tea Press, 2011
Think Stats is an introduction to Probability and Statistics for Python programmers. This new book emphasizes simple techniques you can use to explore real data sets and answer interesting statistical questions. Basic skills in Python are assumed.

6. Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic
by T. Nipkow, L.C. Paulson, M. Wenzel - Springer, 2010
This book is a self-contained introduction to interactive proof in higher-order logic, using the proof assistant Isabelle. It is a tutorial for potential users. The book has three parts: Elementary Techniques; Logic and Sets; Advanced Material.

7. Computer Algebra, Algorithms, Systems and Applications
by Richard Liska, at al. - Czech Technical University, 1996
From the table of contents: Introduction; Algorithms for algebraic computation; Integrated mathematical systems; Basic possibilities of integrated mathematical systems; Applications of computer algebra; Another sources of study.

8. Algorithms in Real Algebraic Geometry
by S. Basu, R. Pollack, M. Roy - Springer, 2009
The monograph gives a detailed exposition of the algorithmic real algebraic geometry. It is well written and will be useful both for beginners and for advanced readers, who work in real algebraic geometry or apply its methods in other fields.

9. Implementing Mathematics with The Nuprl Proof Development System
by R. L. Constable, at al. - Prentice Hall, 1986
The authors offer a tutorial on the new mathematical ideas which underlie their research. Many of the ideas in this book will be accessible to a well-trained undergraduate with a good background in mathematics and computer science.

10. Algorithmic Algebra
by Bhubaneswar Mishra - Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 1993
The main purpose of the book is to acquaint advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, engineering and mathematics with the algorithmic ideas in computer algebra so that they could do research in computational algebra.

11. An Architecture for Combinator Graph Reduction
by Philip J. Koopman, Jr. - Academic Press, 1990
The results of cache-simulation experiments with an abstract machine for reducing combinator graphs are presented. The abstract machine, called TIGRE, exhibits reduction rates that compare favorably with previously reported techniques.

12. Strange Attractors: Creating Patterns in Chaos
by Julien C. Sprott - M & T Books, 2000
Chaos and fractals have revolutionized our view of the world. This book shows examples of the artistic beauty that can arise from very simple equations, and teaches the reader how to produce an endless variety of such patterns.

13. Art Gallery Theorems and Algorithms
by Joseph O'Rourke - Oxford University Press, 1987
Art gallery theorems and algorithms are so called because they relate to problems involving the visibility of geometrical shapes and their internal surfaces. This book explores generalizations and specializations in these areas.

14. Axiom: The Scientific Computation System
by Richard D. Jenks, Robert S. Sutor - axiom-developer.org, 2003
Axiom is a free general purpose computer algebra system. The book gives a technical introduction to AXIOM, interacts with the system's tutorial, accesses algorithms developed by the symbolic computation community, and presents advanced techniques.

15. The Golden E-Book of Graphs of Mathematical Functions
by E. Pérez, 2008
This ebook is a visual introduction to the field of transcomplex numbers and an implicit comparison with the real surfaces counterpart. The reader is assumed to be a little related with the topics of graphing plane curves and surfaces.

16. Mathematics for Computer Scientists
by Gareth J. Janacek, Mark L. Close - BookBoon, 2008
In this textbook you will find the basic mathematics needed by computer scientists. It should help you to understand the meaning of mathematical concepts. Subjects as elementary logic, factorization, plotting functions and matrices are explained.

17. Mathematical Illustrations: A Manual of Geometry and PostScript
by Bill Casselman - Cambridge University Press, 2005
The author gives an introduction to basic features of the PostScript language and shows how to use it for producing mathematical graphics. The book includes the discussion computer graphics and some comments on good style in mathematical illustration.

18. Mathematics for Algorithm and Systems Analysis
by Edward A. Bender, S. Gill Williamson - Dover Publications, 2005
This text assists undergraduates in mastering the mathematical language to address problems in the field's many applications. It consists of 4 units: counting and listing, functions, decision trees and recursion, and basic concepts of graph theory.

19. Vector Math for 3D Computer Graphics
by Bradley Kjell - Central Connecticut State University, 2003
A text on vector and matrix algebra from the viewpoint of computer graphics. It covers most vector and matrix topics needed for college-level computer graphics text books. Useful to computer science students interested in game programming.

20. Algorithmic Mathematics
by Leonard Soicher, Franco Vivaldi, 2004
This text is a course in mathematical algorithms, intended for second year mathematics students. It introduces the algorithms for computing with integers, polynomials and vector spaces. The course requires no computing experience.

21. A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra
by Victor Shoup - Cambridge University Press, 2005
This introductory book emphasises algorithms and applications, such as cryptography and error correcting codes. It is accessible to a broad audience. Prerequisites are a typical undergraduate course in calculus and some experience in doing proofs.